Figure1.Membrane deformation of a GUV in about a minute. (a,b)Shape changes of a GUV from quasi-spherical to non-spherical shape in the presence of the enzyme invertase in the bulk solutionas observed by phase-contrast microscopy.A small region of the GUV membraneis highlighted by the red box in Figure1b. (c) Expansion and compression of outer and inner bilayer leaflet shown schematically for a small outward bulged region of the GUV membrane corresponding to the red box in (b). The black balls represent the head group, and the two continuous lines represent the tails. Scale bars:10μm.
Figure 4.Three-sphere morphologies of GUVs generated by 50nM invertase after 4 hours: (a,d) The small sphere is located between the two large spheres. (b,e) The small sphere is at the end of a necklace with two large spheres. (c,f) The three spheres have equal sizes. The scale bar is 10μm.The time of imaging is 4 hours after the enzyme incubation. (d-f) Schematics for the images. Red colour is used for the GUV membrane, blue for the sucrose solution in the interior of the GUV. The sugar concentration is close to 600mM with sucrose in the interior and an equimolar mixture of fructose and glucose in the exterior solution. The scale bar in (c) is 10μm and applies to panels (a-c).
Article accepted in European Biophysics Journal (October 2023)
Article accepted in Chemistry and Physics of Lipids (January 2024)